MarketingProject-Kuwait Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MarketingProject-Kuwait - Research Paper Example Additionally, the low average utilization of aircrafts, gives them a higher cost per every seat mile, this is different from Jazeera Air, which has cut its fleet and uses its aircrafts extensively (Shaw 35). This paper discusses how Ryanair’s limited airport transportation will work in the Middle East where the airports are concentrated. Consumers across the globe have continued to turn towards the internet for their various travel needs. This involves research on trips, comparison of prices, shopping for flights and booking. Consumers have found this convenient and vital to their business and personal travel needs. Looking across the markets with increased focus on the Middle East market, there are various emerging demographic trends that drive growth across the B2C travel industry. Understanding this trend is vital for Ryanair in order to create a strong presence online and increase market share. One demographic group, which would fly Ryanair is the age group from twenty fiv e to thirty four. This is because these are the most likely to prefer low cost carriers, as they have just started earning and would be more willing to forfeit the comfort and luxury of a traditional airline for the cost saving measures of a low cost carrier like Ryanair. People from thirty five to forty four would also consider flying Ryanair because of its cost cutting. This is generated by the idea that they have most likely had increased responsibilities. However, it should be noted that these are those people in the middle to low income earning bracket. Those over sixty-five were the least willing to consider flying Ryanair. Another demographic, which would fly Ryanair would be students studying abroad or travelling for study trips. This would be informed by the fact that they will be doing this on funds from the government or school. However, there was a disparity with the sexes, with one woman claiming that low cost carriers did not provide enough segregation for women, and s ince she preferred to remove her booking on the flight, she would be uncomfortable. Another demographic that would most certainly be willing to fly Ryanair for its low cost measures is tourist groups. Given that most claimed to be travelling on a budget that they had been saving for a while. For business people, the most receptive to Ryanair travel were those in supervisory roles or junior management positions, in their companies. Those in middle management roles were also receptive of the idea of a low cost carrier. However, those in professional roles or senior management are least interested in a low cost carrier like Ryanair. Finally, Kuwaiti’s travelling to Europe to experience leisure or visit relatives and friends are likely to fly Ryanair for its low cost. However, business people were least interested in using a low cost carrier like Ryanair, despite the fact that it would save their organization money. Clients who are concerned about the environment could elect to f ly low cost carriers since the reduced weight of the plane leads to a reduction in fuel used by the plane (Shaw 38). These airlines also offer a fairly simpler scheme for fares, for example, charging tickets for one way at half the price of round trips. This encourages clients to choose it. Since these carriers fly to less congested and smaller secondary airports during off-peak hours to avoid delays by traffic, they offer an

Implementing child rights

Implementing child rights Introduction One basic human rights principle laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 is that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights (Article 1 UDHR). However, specifically vulnerable groups such as women, indigenous people, and children have been assigned special protection by the UN legal framework (Henry J. Steiner P. Alston, 2000). The UN Convention for the Rights of the Child, 1989 remind us that children, whilst retaining their entitlement to the full range of human rights, are often marginalised or excluded, and represent a special case required additional safeguards (Defence for Children International (ed), 1995). Therefore, the Committee on the Rights of the Child have also adopted about twelve General Comments (in addition to two Optional Protocols) guiding States on specific issues such as HIV/AIDS, the aims of education etc (Committee on the Rights of Child-General Comments). The Committee in 2005 adopted â€Å"General Comment 7 (GC7) on Implementing Child Rights in Early Childhood† (The Committee General Comment 7 of 2005). GC7 recognises that in implementing the UNCROC States parties have often overlooked young children as rights holders (GC7 para.3). The Comment seeks to redress this by clarifying State obligations for UNCROC implementation with respect to all children â€Å"below the age of 8† (GC7 para.4). The UNCROC regards young children as active meaning makers with â€Å"evolving capacities† (Art. 5) requiring age-appropriate guidance and support whom, both as individuals and as a constituency, have a voice which must be given due consideration. Parents/Caregivers and States are reminded to balance control and guidance with respect to evolving capacities of the young child, and of the obligation to facilitate genuine participation of young children in the process affecting their development (The Committee General Comment 7, 2005). In this 21st century, when we Australians are busy counting our economic and political success both at national and international level, still is much needed to be done to improve the status of children in Australia for the coming future (Nyland, 1999). In this essay, I have tried to discuss the role of early childhood settings in enacting and promoting the children rights such as participation, protection and provision and in making these rights available to Australian children. Childrens Rights: Setting Standards Legal conceptions of children The adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child marked a fundamental shift away from past conceptions of children and childhood to a new one. Until then, the law had seen a child as property the property of the father to be dealt with and disposed of as he saw fit (Hart et al, 1991). However a conceptual shift took place during the 19th century, based on the perception of children as vulnerable and so in need of protection from poverty, the voices of industrialization, immigration and urban living. In addition, to being considered property, the child began to be considered as a resource to society (Hart et al, 1991). The human rights movement of the 20th century, previously focused for adult rights was extended to children (Hart et al, 1991) though children were still seen as vulnerable and in need of protection but this status was subsumed in a broader understanding of children as full human beings with all the human rights and fundamental freedoms that all human beings have. Their need for protection was transformed into a right to protection. They had a right to be free from exploitation, abuse and neglect of any kind. Seeing children as rights-holders (The Committee GC7, 2005) had implications beyond child protection, however. It meant that, like all human beings, they were also entitled to freedom of speech, freedom of religion and belief, freedom of association, the right to education and to the highest attainable standard of health, and so on. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is the universal statement of this new conception of rights-holders. The United Nations General Assembly on Nov 20, 1989 adopted the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCROC). In 1990 Australia ratified the UNCROC and to date 191 countries have ratified the Convention, while US and Somalia have become signatories (Berenice Nyland, 1999). The Convention is considered to the most comprehensive and complete international legal document on childrens rights concerning their protection development and welfare (P. Alston, 1991). The Convention deals with the child-specific needs and rights. It requires that states act in the best interests of the child. The Conventions objective is to protect children from discrimination, neglect and abuse and serves as both a rallying point and a useful tool for civil society and individual people, working to protect and promote childrens rights (Berenice Nyland, 1999). In many ways, it is an innovative instrument. Categories of rights under the UNCROC Greenwood suggests that the rights set out in the Convention fall into three categories (Module 1. Topic 2: The Convention on the Rights of the Child); Provision: this category includes the right to posses, receive or have access to the right to life (Art. 6), a name and a nationality (Art. 7), health care (Art. 24), education (Art. 28), adequate rest and play (Art. 31), special care for disabled children (Art. 23), an adequate standard of living (Art. 27), care after abuse (Art. 39), and respect for the cultures from which the children come (Art. 30). Protection: it grouped the right to be shielded from harmful acts and practices such as; separation from parents (Art. 9), sexual exploitation (Art. 34), and physical abuse and neglect (Art. 19). Participation: this class encompasses the right to be heard in discussion affecting the childs life so that the child has freedom of expression (Art. 13), freedom of thought and religion (Art. 14), and the right to be heard in court (Art. 12). The UNCROC, 1989 formally-agreed standards cover: provision rights (to necessary, not luxury, goods services and resources); protection rights (from neglect, abuse, exploitation and discrimination); and participation rights, when children are respected as active members of their family, community and society, as contributors from their first years (Alderson, P. 2000). The effect of the Convention for Children in Australia Since the ratification of the UNCROC in 1999 by Australia till 2010, we can say that the Convention has realised neither the brightest hopes of its supporters nor the most dire fears of its opponents (Butler, B., 1993). The ratification of an international instrument by Australia, such as the Convention, does not ipso facto make that instrument part of domestic law hence the UNCROC is not part of Australian domestic law. Therefore, it has not revolutionised public policy making for children, nevertheless it has led to many very significant initiatives and reforms (Module 1. Is the Convention enforceable, p 29). It has provided a new basis for examining the situation and treatment of children, bringing a rights focus to what previously were seen as purely welfare issues. The effect of this is that the Convention has been declared an international instrument relating to human rights and freedoms for the purpose of Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 (Cth) (Module 1. Is the Convention enforceable, p 29). Consequently, the Convention has provided the legal and conceptual basis for the establishment of childrens commissioners in most Australian jurisdictions. Childrens rights and early childhood settings Early childhood, the period from birth to 6-8 years, is a significant and unique time in the life of every individual. Every child needs and has the right to positive experiences in early childhood. As with every other phase in life, positive supports and adequate resources are necessary for meaningful development. In their everyday lives, children largely stay within and relate to three settings their home, schools and recreational institutions (Rasmusen, K. 2004). These environments have created by adults therefore quality early childhood practice is built upon the unique role of the adult. The competencies, qualifications, dispositions and experience of adults, in addition to their capacity to reflect upon their role, are essential in supporting and ensuring quality experiences for each child (Wyatt, S., 2004). This demanding and central role in the life of the young child needs to be appropriately resourced, supported, and valued. Therefore, quality early childhood care and education must value and support the role of parents (Thorpe, R., Thomson, J., 2003). Open, honest and respectful partnership with parents is essential in promoting the best interests of the child. Mutual partnership contributes to establishing harmony and continuity between the diverse environments the child experienc es in the early years. The development of connections and interactions between the early childhood setting, parents, the extended family and the wider community also adds to the enrichment of early childhood experiences by reflecting the environment in which the child lives and grows (Thorpe, R., Thomson, J., 2003). Basing early childhood services on childrens rights Childrens rights are relevant to early childhood education and care. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is directed towards the well-being of every child and the full development of every child to her or his full potential (Butler, B., 1993). Early childhood education and care shares that direction and commitment. The Convention states that the first objective of education is â€Å"the development of the childs personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential† (Art. 29 (1)). Early childhood education and care contributes to the full personal development of children. Early childhood institutions contribute to implementation of the requirements of the Convention in relation to the childs right to the highest attainable standard of health care (Art. 24), the right to education (Art. 28), the right to protection from exploitation, abuse and neglect (Art. 19), the right to play and recreational activities â€Å"appropriate to the age of the child† and to participate in cultural life (Art. 31). Institutions also have particular regard for the specific needs and rights of particular groups of children specified in the Convention: refugee and asylum seeker children (Art. 22), children with disability (Art. 24), children of ethnic and religious minorities and indigenous children (Art. 30), children placed in alternative care (Art. 20), children who are the victims of abuse and neglect (Art. 39) (Alderson, P., 2000). In Australia, the importance of childrens rights to early childhood care and education is recognised in many of the key documents that express the values and goals of the sector. The first commitment to children in its Code of Ethics is to act in the best interests of the child and the second commitment is a more general one, to â€Å"respect the rights of children as enshrined in the UNCROC and commit to advocating for these rights† (ECA Code of Ethics, 1990). Its policy positions are based on principles that â€Å"reflect adherence and commitment to† the Convention on the Rights of the Child (ECA position statement consulting with young children). They are expressed in rights terms: â€Å"All children have the right to access and participate in early childhood programs and services† (Inclusion of Children). Childrens rights issues for early childhood institutions Early childhood education and care institutions address childrens immediate needs and well-being, that is, childrens lives as children (Rasmusen, K. 2004). They provide children with opportunities for learning, play and socialisation. They provide the foundations for literacy, numeracy, later learning, and future life opportunities. They also focus for addressing the rights of disadvantage and particular groups of children such as indigenous children, refugee and immigrant children, children with disabilities, children from poor families. The way childrens rights are interpreted and acted upon in early childhood institutions it has some cultural/social implications (Berenice Nyland, 1999). For example, when children interact in the complex cultural environment of a day care setting that can provides us with insights into how they construct their views of the world and culture. Therefore as adults we should observe children very closely in order to understand what they are trying to tell us about their surroundings. Mostly caregivers based children developmental activities on observed activities of children focusing mainly on the individual child and areas of development and divide children into developmental areas which is a problem because one area or dimension can not exist by itself. Therefore the practitioners should be motivated to plan for the different areas of development and therefore move away from play-based curriculum since tasks are developed to aid a particular area of development and overlook or neglect the ideal of whole child (Nyland, 1999). Another constraint of current mode of recording children behavioural observation is that we record observed behaviour meaning something already has been done by a child (Nyland, 1999) so we look at the child of yesterday and not at the child potential (Vygotsky) in upcoming future. In a child care centre caregivers can create an environment focusing to strengthen child development in a more holistic way which will give to the caregivers a better understanding of the physical and social settings of children from where they belong. In the child care centre the caregivers can also identify culturally regulated customs and can use it as a culturally niches (Nyland, 1999). The adult/caregivers role in these developmental niches/physical and social settings is one of scaffolding the child experiences (Valsiner, 1987) through an environment that is carefully considered in relation to three metaphorical zones (Cole, 1996). These metaphorical zones make up the developmental niche and consisted of three zones i.e. zone of free movement (ZFM), the zone of promoted activity (ZPA) and the zone of proximal development (ZPD) (Valsiner, 1987). ZFM is understood as the childs access to the environment, objects, events and ways of acting (Cole, 1986). ZPA covers a childs particular action, or response which encouraged him/her to give by a more competent member of the culture or from the same physical environment (Nyland, 1999). But when the ZPA is matched to the childs present development state which guides further development then it is referred as ZPD (Cole, 1996). In early childhood setting the caregivers role is more important and dynamic since s/he can use the metaphorical zones as guide for designing and providing space, objects and interactions. The caregiver own role can be deliberately designed for enhancing the perceived developmental potential in an articulated cultured environment. The cultural activity where development is most likely to occur in a cultured environment is known as leading activity and such activities can be accomplished through manipulation for infants and spontaneous play for children (Bodrova Leong, 1996). For better understanding of the role of early childhood settings for the protection of children rights, Berenice Nyland (1999) in article â€Å"The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Using a concept of rights as a basis for practice†, quoted a 20 minutes observation period took place in a day care centre between two babies of under two years, with no spoken language. Kallina started the play by putting a nappy on a doll. She was thoroughly engaged and her physical moments were free. She had mental picture of folded nappy because she tried many times to match reality with mental event representation. Another baby Claudia joined the play, took a doll and wrapped a nappy around it. Claudia just matched the nappy and made no effort to fold it or put it on the bottom half of the doll. Similarly Claudia found another undressed doll in the same place and take out a nappy from a nearby clean clothes basket and draped it around it. The observer was asked to put the n appies on to prevent them falling off. Claudia then took a plastic play gym from an immobile baby and placed it to the book corner. She then placed the dolls underneath the play gym, so they ‘could play. The role of caregiver in this exercise is the childrens actions affirmed the suitability of the available environment created by the caregiver relating to the freedom of moments (ZFM) for the babies and they had access to inside and outside. They were having free choice of space and toys, and also access to domestic equipments such as clean clothes basket. The children initiated ZPA by themselves and there was no need of adult intervention or guidance. Scaffolding and learning in the ZPD occurred between children, as they were engaged in intentional goal oriented behaviour hence established their ZPA. Such zones should be dynamic and constantly being renegotiated. This exercise shows that observing children in such expressive way and to see their development within the context of relationships existing in the physical environment of the setting, cultural artifacts, and social interactions gives a comprehensive way of individual child. At one hand it demonstrates a childs competence for understanding changes and on the other hand the early childhood setting as a learning environment. Such an approach moves away from the straitjacket of areas of development and affords the child a voice while giving the caregiver a more meaningful role within the relationship (Berenice Nyland, 1999). Early childhood workers as leaders in childrens rights advocacy We then are needed as advocates for childrens well-being and not only advocates but leaders in advocacy. The basis of our advocacy should be childrens rights, as recognised in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Why we? Because as early childhood professionals, we have responsibilities and opportunities that require we to be advocates. Our responsibilities come from our role as workers with children. We know them and their needs well (Nyland, 1999). We know what promotes their development and their happiness. We know the importance of services for them being of the highest quality. We also know the consequences of children not receiving the services and support they need for their full development and the consequences of poor quality services. Advocacy cannot be left to others when we have so much expertise and experience (Module 4. Topic 1: Advocacy for children. p 5). Conclusion The legal obligations of the Australian government under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child are still to be realised, almost 20 years after its ratification. We can move beyond frustration, anxiety and despair and embrace the possibility of hope or the audacity of hope, as Barack Obama (Quote for the Hope) calls it if we are willing to do so. Children have few choices. We adults and professionals have many. The challenge is to choose to place ourselves at their service and in the service of their rights. Children have the ability to construct their own images and now its upto the society how seeming it. The early childhood practices, like child study, provide a strategy for listening to the very young. A belief in childrens rights and an understanding of childrens strength and competence can be used as a basis for improving the quality of childrens daily lives (Berenice Nyland, 1999). By this our early childhood institutions would provide to the children with opportunities for learning, play and socialisation. So the emerging vision is one of an actively participating and socially competent young child. This young child is ecologically situated: within family and caregiving environments; in relationship with peers; as part of a community; and as a member of society. This young child is to be considered holistically: as a being whose emotional, social physical and cognitive capacities are evolving in various social and cultural settings (The Committee GC 7). Therefore require us to reconsider young, active, participant children in the broadest possible sense, both as individuals and as a constituency.

Consumer Theory and X1

: Hal R. Varian. Intermediate Microeconomics, A Modern Approach. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1 BUDGET CONSTRAINT Consumer theory —- how consumers buy their goods? Economists assume: consumers choose the best bundle of goods they can afford. Two aspects: —-Consumers choose the most preferred goods. —-They are limited by economic condition. The Budget Constraint Consumption bundles: ( , ): a list of numbers of goods and services. X = (x1, x2, †¦, xn,) In the case of two goods: good 1 and good 2. Bundle of goods: X = (x1, x2) Prices of goods: (p1, p2),The amount of money the consumer has to spend: m. The consumer’s affordable consumption bundles, (x1, x2) satisfy p1x1 + p2x2 ? m. —-The budget set of the consumer ( ) . good 2 m/p2 O m/p1 good 1 Two Goods Are Often Enough Composite good —-take x2 as everything else, the dollars spent on other goods. For example, x1: consumption of milk in quarts per month. The budget constraint will take t he form p1x1 + x2 ? m. The case of n goods Budget constraint: p1x1 + p2x2+†¦+ pnxn ? m. Properties of the Budget Set Budget line( ): p1x1 + p2x2 = m. Vertical intercept: m/p2Horizontal intercept: m/p1. Slope: – p1/p2 Economic interpretation of slope: For the bundle (x1, x2): p1x1 + p2x2 = m. After a change in bundle (? x1, ? x2): p1(x1+? x1) + p2(x2+? x2) = m. good 2 x2 ?x2 ?x1 O x1 good 1 Subtracting the first equation from the second gives p1? x1 + p2? x2 = 0. This gives The number of good 2 the consumer must give up when he increases his consumption of good 1 by 1 unit, and keeps the money spent unchanged. Opportunity cost of consuming good 1—- in order to consume more of good 1 you have to give up some consumption of good 2.Budget Line Changes How the budget line changes when prices and incomes change? Change in income Change in m results in a parallel shift of the budget line. Intercepts m/p2 and m/p1 will change. Slope – p1/p2 keeps unchanged. good 2 m/p2 O m/p1 good 1 Changes in prices Increasing p1 will not change the vertical intercept, but p1/p2 will become larger. good 2 m/p2 O m/p1 good 1 What happens to the budget line when we change the prices of good 1 and good 2 at the same time? Proportionally: (tp1)x1 + (tp2)x2 = m.What happens to the budget line when we change the prices of good 1 and good 2 and the consumers’ income at the same time? good 2 m/p2 O m/p1 good 1 Proportionally: (tp1)x1 + (tp2)x2 = tm. Some observations: If one price declines and all others stay the same, the consumer must be at least as well-off. If the consumer’s income increases and all prices remain the same, the consumer must be at least as well-off as at the lower income A perfectly balanced inflation cannot change anybody’s optimal choice. 2 PREFERENCES Consumer Preferences( Consumer ranks consumption bundles by his satisfaction from use of goods, irrelevant to the prices. The case of two goods Given any two consumption bund les, X=(x1, x2) and Y=(y1, y2), the consumer can rank them in one of three possible ways: (x1, x2) is strictly better than (y1, y2); (y1, y2) is strictly better than (x1, x2); (x1, x2) and (y1, y2) are indifferent. Two basic relations: [pic]: strictly preferred( ), (x1, x2) [pic] (y1, y2): the consumer strictly prefers (x1, x2) to (y1, y2). ~ : indifferent ( ) (x1, x2) ~ (y1, y2). he consumer is indifferent between (x1, x2) and (y1, y2). A composite relation: [pic]: weakly preferred ( ) (x1, x2) [pic](y1, y2): the consumer prefers (x1, x2) to (y1, y2) or is indifferent between (x1, x2) and (y1, y2). Assumptions about Preferences Axioms about consumer preference (weakly preference): Complete( ). Given any X-bundle and any Y-bundle, consumer can say that (x1, x2)[pic](y1, y2), or (y1, y2)[pic](x1, x2). Reflexive( ). Consumer should say that any bundle is at least as good as itself: (x1, x2)[pic](x1, x2). Transitive ( ).If a consumer feels that (x1, x2)[pic](y1, y2) and (y1, y2)[pic](z 1, z2) then he feels that (x1, x2)[pic](z1, z2). Indifference Curves Weakly preferred set: all of the consumption bundles that are weakly preferred to (x1, x2). Indifference curves( ): —-The boundary of weakly preferred set; Good 2 x2 O x1 Good 1 Further assumptions Well-behaved preferences( ): Monotonicity ( )—- more is better. If that x1 ( y1, x2 ( y2 and that x1 ( y1 , x2 ( y2 at least one hold, then (x1, x2) [pic] (y1, y2) —-indifference curves have negative slope.A indifference curve is the set of bundles for which the consumer is just indifferent to (x1, x2). Good 2 O Good 1 Convexity ( )—- averages are preferred to extremes. If (x1, x2) and (y1, y2) are indifferent, then the bundle ([pic]x1+[pic]y1, [pic]x2+[pic]y2) is strictly preferred to (x1, x2) and (y1, y2). —-indifference curves are convex. Good 2 O Good 1 Examples of preferences Perfect Substitutes( ) The consumer is willing to substitute one good for the other at a constant rate. Goo d 2 O Good 1Perfect Complements( ) Goods that are always consumed together in fixed proportions. Good 2 O Good 1 Discrete Goods( ) x1 : a discrete good that is only available in integer amounts. Suppose that x2 is money to be spent on other goods. Good 2 O Good 1 The Marginal Rate of Substitution Marginal rate of substitution (MRS, ): slope of an indifference curve. —- measures the rate at which the consumer is just willing to substitute one good for the other. MRS = [pic] Note: MRS is a negative number. Good 2 (x2O (x1 Good 1 The other form of MRS MRS =[pic] Good 2 x2 O x1 Good 1 Behavior of the Marginal Rate of Substitution Describe the indifference curves by the MRS. Perfect substitutes: the marginal rate of substitution is constant. Perfect complements: the MRS is either 0 or infinity, and nothing in between. In general case: Monotonicity: indifference curves must have a negative slope, i. e. negative MRS. Convex: the marginal rate of substitution decreases as we increase x1, —-diminishing MRS. ———————– [pic]

The Most Disregarded Fact Regarding Banned List of Essay Topics Revealed

The Most Disregarded Fact Regarding Banned List of Essay Topics Revealed There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's essential to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the special area of study. Very often it becomes hard to choose 1 topic either on account of the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. You will be assigned a topic, or your professor will permit you to select your own. Some individuals may think that the great content might be written on any topic and the paper success is dependent just on the mastery of the writer. They attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, or to increase knowledge). Some people believe that teachers should be liable for teaching students to judge what's right and wrong so they can behave well. They think that schools should select students according to their academic abilities, while others believe that it is better to have students with different abilities studying together. Here's What I Know About Banned List of Essay Topics You will discover a range of argumentative essay topics but picking the perfect one might be the basic and the very first step to compose an influential essay. If you're looking for examples of argumentative essays, here's a sample that will help you out! The ideal thing about Essay is it's possible to use any kind of language forma l or informal. There are many steps which you should take so as to compose an exemplary essay. An essay is just a slice of content that's written from the perception of writer or author. There are five kinds of argumentative essays. It is all about arguing and debating on a topic, which is debatable. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. You ought to develop a superior argument, which encompasses not just your primary point, but also all the pieces which make this up. You always intuitively understand as soon as an intriguing essay idea is in fact the ideal idea for you. At some stage, you're likely to be requested to compose an argumentative essay. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential issue to do is to select a topic and an argument that you may really get behind. What Everybody Dislikes About Banned List of Essay Topics and Why Categories, essay topics might be divided into. Following is an excellent collection of 100 essay topics. The success of your essay is in the perfect selection of the topic. Then take a look at a list of argumentative essay advice to help you begin. It is extremely important to decide on a great topic so as to compose a fantastic paper. Now, you've got a good deal of topics to pick from and lay down your thoughts on paper. Always start with something that you are conversant with when picking an excellent topic. Here's What I Know About Banned List of Essay Topics Our writers use their abilities and abilities to meet the wants and necessities of our customers. Questions are a standard direction of getting interest, along with evocative language or a strong statistic Don't assume your audience is already knowledgeable about your topic. The primary goal of writing an argumentative essay is to understand how to convince individuals to modify their perception of things they strongly believe in. Before writing your proposal you have to do the next things. You're able to support a specific idea when criticizing different facets but let the reader decide. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. One of the greatest methods to change anybody's mind is with an emotional investment. One of the greatest approaches to convince anybody's mind is via an emotional connection. Vital Pieces of Banned List of Essay Topics Books never ought to be banned. Essay topics in English can be hard to produce. History is easily the most important course in school. Writing about nuclear weapons is always a superb idea. Many students know that it's not simple to effectively develop an argumentative topic. Foreign languages ought to be compulsory in the most important school. Teens should be asked to take parenting classes. Cyber bullying caught by means of a student even away from the school premises have to be hindered by the schools admin. Year round school isn't a good idea. Schools having the very same sex students are a lot better.

Analysis Of The Poem Nomos And Physis - 1498 Words

Nomos and Physis are two contrasting terms that explain the meaning and movement of life and death, and choices that bring about change. Similar to Yin and Yang, nomos and physis together create a contrasting whole. The poem Ithaca is related to the Odyssey as it provides an outline for the difficulties the main character might have to face on his journey. There is a clear divide between nomos and physis here, as these terms are related to the problem and the solution that the reader must face. Although the idea behind nomos and physis may seem to be outdated compared to today s beliefs and practices, they can still be applied to situations and today and give insight into the roles that nature and law play in our lives. The story behind physis begins in Greece. Physis is defined as â€Å"natural† or something created by nature. The rising and setting of the sun, the changing of the seasons, and the death and decay of all life on earth are all related to physis. To the Greeks, physis described nature and the natural growth and decay of life. Greek life was very intertwined with nature. Their days were controlled by the rising and setting of the sun, the changing of the seasons, and the seemingly unpredictable changes in weather. Early Greek life was dominated by the landscape, as men and women would work with and fight against it in their daily challenges. Odysseus had to fight against some of these natural events during his story, such as when his men were poisoned by

The Harbinger Of A Category Crisis - 1157 Words

Victor Frankenstein: The Harbinger of a Category Crisis Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus partially follows the narrative of Victor Frankenstein in his journey of mental and moral deterioration. Victor’s attempt to unnaturally create life through unorthodox methods is his metaphorical attempt to play with fire; he explores a realm beyond human capability by using a power only known to God. This novel leaves readers with a dilemma that makes them question who in fact is really the monster of this story, the creature he created or Victor himself. According to Jeffrey Jerome Cohen’s â€Å"Seven Monster Theses†, Frankenstein may actually be the embodiment of the monster of his third thesis in this story. The reasons Victor may conform to being the â€Å"Harbinger of a Category Crisis† is because of his seclusion from his family and the rest of society and his unethical inquiry and exploration into the laws of nature beyond what is thought to be possible. In the initial stages of the book, Victor spends a large amount of time away from his home and family in Geneva to heavily indulge in his studies. His academics consisted of natural philosophy and sciences, especially in the creation of life and its death and decay. Even after he was done studying, he locked himself away in his apartment in preparation for his experiment of artificially creating life. Victor even acknowledges that the pursuit of his work has caused him to â€Å"forget those friends who were so many milesShow MoreRelatedThe Understanding of the Monster Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pagesalso can provide us with possible solutions to gaps and uncertainties in our mind that Sigmund Freud would label as â€Å"The Uncanny†. I can only but agree with Cohen’s proclamations that the monster’s body is a cultural body, a monster is the harbinger of category crisis, and a monster stands at the threshold of becoming. These theses attempt to explain the diversity of the term monster when it com es to different cultures and the human imagination of what has been, is, and can be. The first of the sevenRead MoreFrom The Beginning Of Time, Humans Have Struggled To Make1030 Words   |  5 Pagesclosely with a couple of Jeffrey Jerome Cohen’s theses about monster culture. Two of the theses that Dr. Jekyll relates to are â€Å"Thesis VI: Fear of the Monster Is Really a Kind of Desire† (Course Pack 67) and â€Å"Thesis III: The Monster Is the Harbinger of Category Crisis† (60). Jekyll desired and longed for his potion. After much thought, he came to the conclusion that he needed it. He wasn’t forced. It was â€Å"with a strong glow of courage† (Stevenson 44) he drank his potion. At the time, he was unaware ofRead MoreButler ´s Characterization Shori1105 Words   |  5 Pagessociety’s homophobia and conservative beliefs about sex. A final way that Shori exemplifies Cohen’s idea of monster culture is that she is the result of a genetic experiment, a crossbreed. Shori is both human and vampire, the ultimate â€Å"harbinger of category crisis† (Cohen). Additionally, she is both black and white. However, instead of this hybridization being a handicap it is advantageous and essential to her survival. This is a new idea since in the past both miscegenation and cross breeding haveRead MoreRichard Matheson s I Am Legend 1154 Words   |  5 Pagesboogey-man for he genuinely terrified them. He witnessed their fear as he looked out from his bars and heard the startled cries. A startling ironic revelation for him. To them, he was possibly far worse than the plague. He s considered as a â€Å"harbinger of category crisis†Ã¢â‚¬â€utilizing Cohen s words—as he posed a threat to the new society being established by the infected-vampiric humans. A fact he comes to term with during his final moment s. â€Å"Normalcy was a majority concept, the standard of many and not theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Cold Mountain 1296 Words   |  6 Pagesstruggle which an individual must face in order to survive in a natural environment. From Frazier’s standpoint, the usage of this particular quotation could be a confirmation of Darwin’s influence on his literature. The term naturalism describes a category of literature that applies scientific principles of detachment and objectivity to its reading of human beings. The literary movement of naturalism got its foundation from Darwin’s theory of evolution. In his novel, Frazier makes use of real historicalRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Cold Mountain 1298 Words   |  6 Pagesstruggle which an individual must face in order to survive in a natural environment. From Frazier’s standpoint, the usage of this particular quotation could be a confirmation of Darwin’s influence on his literature. 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Immelt proved that he is a very effective leader by helping GE overcome the hardship in 2001 when terrorist attacks on September 11 were a harbinger of bad times to come for GE. (see Appendix B, Story 2) It’s really difficult to say this leader is better than another one. To compare and contrast them, in the range of this paper, in terms of leadership, we would just use leadership styles, traitsRead MoreThe Politics Of Political Parties3081 Words   |  13 Pagesprivate colleges, charities, and cultural institutions. Many were pietistic Protestant who called for public schools to instill moral values and suggested prohibition to end the liquor problem. The Whigs attracted voters from every socio-economic category but proved particularly attractive to the professional and business classes: doctors, attorneys, sellers, ministers, bankers, storekeepers, factory owners, commercially oriented farmers and large-scale planters. Because of the party platform, commercial

Finance Foundation Free Essays

LB5212:03 FINANCIAL FOUNDATIONS FOR MANAGERS Singapore Campuses Study Period 3, 2012 LB5212:03 Financial Foundations for Managers SUBJECT GUIDE 2012 Study Period 3, Singapore Campuses Contents Contents1 1. School Overview0 2. Subject at a Glance0 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Finance Foundation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Subject Details0 4. Subject Readings and Resources0 5. Assessment Details0 6. Grading Criteria0 7. Student Assistance0 8. Important Policies Guidelines0 9. Postgraduate Skills Qualities0 10. Lecture Tutorial Schedule0 11. Annexure0 School Overview The School of Business is at the forefront of innovation in business and information technology education. With a focus on internationalisation, growth and innovation, the school exploits its unique regional location and expertise in courses that combine discipline-based excellence with practical application. JCU aims to empower responsible managers with practical skills underpinned by cutting edge theory. The school is one of the largest schools at JCU in terms of student numbers and offers programs at Brisbane, Cairns, Singapore and Townsville. Graduate coursework degrees include the flagship program the Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master of Professional Accounting (MPA), Master of Economics (ME), and Master of International Tourism and Hospitality Management (MITHM). The school also includes Information Technology, offering a Master of IT (MIT and MIT Extended). Within the coursework masters suite of degrees there are opportunities for joint degree combinations. JCU’s recently ‘refreshed’ MBA is committed to an agenda of responsible management, in which all our activities are consistent with sustainable and ethical business practices. Across the four campuses, there are majors available in Marketing, Human Resource Management, Managerial Accounting, Dispute Resolution and International Tourism. Research degrees are also available at honours, masters, and Doctoral levels. Honours students from JCU have an outstanding record of gaining quality jobs in government and consulting circles and a number of students have won Australian Postgraduate Award scholarships and progressed into doctoral courses. There are a number of different pathways into the postgraduate study areas, with direct entry for those already holding an undergraduate degree. For those who do not have a first degree but have relevant work experience and professional experience, the pathway to postgraduate study starts with a Graduate Certificate, progresses through the Graduate Diploma, and reaches the Masters level and above by following these indirect entry strategies. Our staff are friendly and approachable and our degrees are designed to help you develop skills for application anywhere in the world in the dynamic business environment of the twenty-first century. A number of our staff have been recognised through independent rankings as world leaders in their field. School of Business staff have also recently won national awards for teaching excellence, and are committed to helping students achieve their career goals. JCU’s School of Business is committed to working towards achievement of genuine and sustainable reconciliation between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and the wider community, as outlined in the JCU Reconciliation Statement at http://www-public. jcu. edu. au/study/indigenous-students/JCUPRD_039193 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Prepared by D. Smorfitt for the School of Business, James Cook University. Copyright 2012 This publication is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism, or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process or placed in computer memory without written permission. This subject guide was last revised on 20 October 2012. Subject at a Glance The followin g summary provides a quick reference to the most important aspects of this subject. Please ensure that you have read the entire guide in full. Staff Contact Details The following staff members are responsible for the preparation or delivery of this subject. Please contact the relevant staff member if you have any concerns during the study period. | Name| Room| Phone| Email| Consultations*| | | | | | | Lecturers:| | | | | | Singapore| Teoh Teik Toe| | 65-97905202| teik. teoh@jcu. edu. au| | * Other consultation times by appointment only. Class Times and Contact Details A 3 credit point subject will require a 130 hour workload of study-related participation over the duration of the study period irrespective of mode of delivery. Students enrolled in LB5212 should attend the three hours of contact time set aside for each session. | Time| Day| Room| Assessment Summary A summary of the assessable items for LB5212 is provided in the table below. Please read through the assessment details presented later in this subject guide. Assessment| Supervised individual assessment| Weight| Due Date| Assessment 1 – Test| x| 20%| Week 6 in lecture – 60 minutes in duration| Assessment 2 – Assignment| | 30%| | Assessment 3 – Final Exam| x| 50%| To be advised (2 hours in duration – emphasis on application and interpretation)| You are not required to satisfy the examiners in all assessment tasks but you must obtain a final mark of at least 50% to pass the subject. In addition, you must obtain at least an average of 50% over all supervised individual components within a subject to pass the subject overall. No individual assessment piece should be taken as an indication of your final grade. Raw marks may be subject to moderation or scaling. To be eligible to pass this subject, participants are required to attempt all forms of assessment and must demonstrate a reasonable degree of competence in the required subject learning outcomes as examined in each form of assessment. To be eligible to pass this subject, participants are required to complete all forms of assessment and must demonstrate a reasonable degree of competence in the required subject learning outcomes as examined in each form of assessment. Please note that in the event that you miss a piece of assessment, you will be allocated a zero unless the appropriate documentation such as a doctor’s certificate is provided. If such documentation is provided, the end of semester ‘Final Exam’s’ weighting will be increased accordingly. Subject Details Welcome from the Subject Coordinator Welcome to the subject of Financial Foundations for Managers. The history of accounting can be traced back to traders in ancient times who sought to keep account of their business dealings and wealth. Today, organisations from small to large utilise the skills of accountants to help them in their decision-making and to report their financial performance to shareholders, creditors, employees and other stakeholders. Accounting skills are also utilised in a wide range of related jobs including financial analysts, auditing, professional practice, tax agents, financial planning, stockbroking and investment banking. This subject is designed to provide an understanding of the related applications of accounting in the contemporary environment. Financial information about corporate performance is critical not only to the success of individual companies but to the success of global capital markets. Accounting topics covered will include the preparation and interpretation of financial reports, budgeting and performance evaluation. It should be recognised that this subject is concerned with developing an understanding of accounting concepts, issues and problems rather than with educating you to undertake the role of a professional accountant. Our Master of Professional Accounting program or combined Master of Professional Accounting and MBA program is better designed for the latter task. Since the 1980s, many developments have occurred in the field of accounting such as the integration of cashflow statements into financial reporting, development of international accounting standards, and environmental and social reporting. The number of practitioners, academics and students engaged in this field has grown substantially, reflecting the perceived value of the study to business practice and the many financially rewarding careers that the area promises. The principles and concepts of accounting, once the exclusive preserve of financial controllers and finance staff, are now being applied to units and functions within a business. Managers at all levels are expected to have financial skills such as the capacity to understand financial reports and budgets and to be able to analyse business decisions not just from a strategic viewpoint but from a financial one as well. You have chosen an important subject to study. No matter what your level or position in an organisation, you will find yourself involved in some way with decision-making from a financial viewpoint. Whether your career goal is to be part of a top management team or you plan to apply your technical training in some functional area of the business, you will be expected to understand and apply basic financial skills such as the capacity to interpret financial statements, budgets and measure financial performance of divisions/markets/products. We do hope that your studying this subject will significantly improve your financial skills and you will find studying this subject interesting and rewarding. Subject Description This subject provides students with an understanding of the fundamentals of accounting. The aim is to build on basic concepts to develop a clearer understanding of financial statements, their uses and limitations in decision-making. The capacity to analyse financial statements and make decisions based on them will be emphasised. The subject examines decisions on cost structures and the implications for operating leverage and thus the financial statements. An introduction to capital budgeting and the application thereof to various cases is also covered. This subject is a core requirement for the MBA and thus must be completed by all MBA students. Subject Learning Outcomes As a student it is important for you to understand how the learning outcomes identified by the subject coordinator are achieved throughout the subject. The following table shows the alignment between content, assessment and learning outcomes. Subject Learning Outcomes| Related Content / Assessment| 1. Understand the nature of assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses in the context of the accounting model. | Lectures, tutorials,test andassignment| 2. Develop an understanding of and ability to prepare asic accounting statements such as the statement of financial position and the statement of financial performance| Tutorials and assignment | 3. The ability to analyse and interpret financial statements and an understanding of the relationship between the different statements. | Lectures, tutorial and exam| 1. Ability to produce and interpret budgets and understand the various ways in which a business assesses capital investments, develop its capital budg et and make long term resource allocations. | Lectures, tutorial and exam| 2. Understand the behaviour of costs and know how to conduct analysis of impact of changes in sales and costs on profits. | Lectures, tutorial, assignment and exam| 3. Understand operating leverage, its measurement and the impact it has on financial statements through the cost structures as well as the use of cost structures in short-term decision regarding resource usage. | Lectures, tutorial and exam| 4. Understand the various ways in which a business assesses capital investments develop their capital budget and make long term resource allocation decisions. | Lectures, tutorial and exam| These are the learning outcomes for the subject. Specific learning outcomes for each assessment item will be provided with the detailed assessment item. Approaches to Teaching and Learning in this Subject A number of teaching-learning approaches will be used in this subject in order to achieve the above-stated learning outcomes. * Lectures: They are used to introduce basic concepts, principles, and issues related to accounting foundations. Generally, lectures are arranged to lead each session. At the beginning of the lectures, participants will be made aware of session objectives and specific session learning outcomes. A set of current financial statements will be used to provide students with an on-going example of the applicability of the topics covered in real life. * Class exercises: We will work through class exercises in most sessions. These are used to check your understanding and grasp of some fundamentals of the subject. The list of exercises is on the last page of the subje ct outline. The exercises referred to are at the end of the respective chapters or provided on LearnJCU. * Prior study: Study prior to the start of the class is essential, otherwise deep learning is unlikely to occur. It is understood that all of you have a very busy work schedule. However, it cannot be over-emphasised that this pre-class study (especially pre-reading and attempting set class exercises) is absolutely essential and should be taken seriously. * Application of class learning to real world issues: In this subject, it is our intention to extend the learning beyond the classroom and hence you are expected to apply what you have learnt in the classroom to the real world issues. This is done by relating the subject assessment to financial analysis for a real world business or industry. A practical assignment in which the operational budgets and accrual based Income Statement and Balance Sheet are produced are required. The effectiveness of the class sessions for the above teaching-learning approach depends importantly on your participation in and contribution to the class. Your involvement in the class can be the most effective way of improving your understanding of the subject matter. It is strongly recommended that you regularly participate in the class and actively engage yourself in class activities. Subject Readings and Resources Prescribed Texts (Compulsory) * ————————————————- Atrill, P. , McLaney, E. , Harvey, D. and Jenner, M. (2009), Accounting: an introduction, 4th edition, Pearson, Frenchs Forest NSW. * Jenner, M. and Silvester, M. (2009), Workbook to accompany Accounting: an Introduction, 4th edition, Pearson, Frenchs Forest NSW. * ————————————————- Copies of financial statements of an entity is provided to you – also available at http://www. cpaaustralia. com. au/cps/rde/xbcr/cpa-site/2010-financial-report. pdf There is an expectation that you will read the appropriate chapters in your text prior to the lecture they relate to. The Jenner workbook provides you with chapter by chapter questions and solutions that I strongly encourage you to work through in your own time. Further Reading Please note the following URL http://libguides. jcu. edu. au/content. php? pid=117627sid=2226980 contains additional information applicable to this subject. The literature on accounting is ever expanding. There are a large number of publications available at the JCU library. Books in this area are also readily available in business sections of many bookshops. Provided below is a list of selected titles for your information. You may not have the time to read through many books. Nonetheless, it will be useful even if you have a quick flip over some of them. We do encourage you to consult some other books or buy some good ones for your own library. * * Some useful materials for further reading have been selected for you and will be placed on LearnJCU or handed out in class from time to time. Hope you will find it interesting to read them. * Accounting Texts such as * Bazley, M. and Hancock, P. (2010), Contemporary Accounting, 7th Edition, Cengage Learning, Australia. (ISBN: 9780170181587) Birt, J. , et al. 2010). Accounting: business reporting for decision making, John Wiley Sons Australia, Milton, Qld. Hoggett, J. R. , Medlin, J. Edwards, L. , Tilling, M. Hogg, E. (2012). Accounting, 8th Edition, John Wiley Sons. * * Useful Electronic Databases available at JCU library: * ACCOUNT   1982 –  via Informit –  An index with abstracts produced by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia. Subject coverage includes accounting, auditing, taxation, insolvency, financial management, corporation law, banking, electronic data processing, management and superannuation. Source documents are Australian journal articles, conference papers and academic research papers. * ABI/Inform (1971-1997) – International business, management and marketing. * AUSTROM (1990-1998) – Australian databases, particularly APAIS (Australian Public Affairs Information Service). * EconLit (1969-2002) – Citations with abstracts of the world’s economic literature. * DatAnalysis – This database provides comprehensive information for all Australian Stock Exchange listed companies. These reports are updated daily from relevant ASX announcements. Full text. Subject Website on LearnJCU Access the subject website through LearnJCU at learnjcu. jcu. edu. au for all relevant materials. Login using your JCU email username and password. The site for this subject is opened to all participants enrolled in the subject at least seven days prior to the commencement of the subject. Browser requirements for LearnJCU are provided on the opening webpage of LearnJCU. Assessment Details There are three pieces of assessment. 1. Semester test (20% Weighting) The semester test covers the content from the first three sessions. It is a good opportunity to start off the semester by writing a test on a relatively small portion of the semester’s work and gain a good understanding of the concepts covered and hopefully achieve a good result. 2. Group Assignment (30% Weighting) Students are required to submit a group report in groups of two. Students will be allocated into teams in the second session. You will submit one report per group of two. The Topic and associated details are provided in Section 6 below. 3. Final Exam (50% Weighting) You will be required to complete a two-hour end of semester exam covering sessions 4 to 12 inclusive. However, the material in sessions 1 to 3 may be examined indirectly and thus a good understanding of this material is essential. Grading Criteria ASSIGNMENT: TASK The assignment consists of the development of the financial component of a financial plan for a ‘new start business’ that you establish. REPORT Grading Criteria – The report should include the following: * Student group work documentation as per the Annexure at the end of this document. No documentation will result in a zero mark attributed to the group. * Contents page * Introduction and explanation of the business venture. 5 marks) * Executive summary (One page limit) – this is important as in many instances this is where you ‘sell’ your firm and the application for finance and this will determine whether or not the financiers will look at the rest of the document. (5 marks) * Assumptions – these must be documented, clearly presented and must be realistic e. g. you cannot sim ply say I will achieve 10% market share. You need to justify how and why you will achieve this. This may require you researching various sources for information regarding the type of business, the market size as well as consumption patterns for the service your new firm will provide. 10 marks) * Budgets* for two years on a monthly basis. The budgets should at the very least include: (30 marks) * ————————————————- Sales budget (volume) * ————————————————- Sales revenue budget ($) * ————————————————- Debtors budget ($) * ————————————————- Cash b udget ($) * Budgeted Statement of Financial Performance for two years (PL). (15 marks) * Budgeted Statement of Financial Position for two years (Balance Sheet). 15 marks) * Ratios analysing the firm’s liquidity, solvency, profitability and efficiency. ( 5 marks) * Comment and analysis of ratios (this would obviously have to be a favourable commentary! ) i. e. an opportunity to ’sell’ your business. (10 marks) * Conclusion(5 marks) Total: 100 marks ————————————————- ————————————————- Note: Attention should be paid to: * ————————————————- not materially exceeding word limits; * ———————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- spelling, grammar and structure; ————————————————- professional presentation including tables and figures where appropriate; and * ————————————————- use of other resources, appropriate referencing and provision of bibliography. Assignment requirements: * All assignments are to be typed to a professional standard on standard A4 paper using 1. 5 line spacing. * Binding of assignments is not required – staple top left hand corner. * Word limit of 3,500 words (approximately 10 pages) – remember quantity need not reflect quality. * Any appendices are not included in the page limit. Reports should follow (generally) a format for a professional report. * All calculations are to be pro vided in the appendix to your report. * You should make good use of tables where applicable. * You are expected to research the topic in other relevant accounting/finance texts. This research should be well referenced. Do not rely solely on the assigned text for interpretations. * Sources should be appropriately referenced, acknowledging all sources of information that are not yours. * Please clearly indicate the make-up of the formula used. Some useful sites The following may assist you in this assignment: AusInfo – Department of Finance and Administration (1994), Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers, 5th Edition, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. * Australian Tax Office http://www. ato. gov. au/businesses/content. asp? doc=/content/45518. htmpage=2#P15_738 * Look at the Institute of Chartered Accountants website: http://www. charteredaccountants. com. au/ * CPA magazine – available on the web as well on the CPA website: http://www. cpaaust ralia. com. au/cps/rde/xchg/cpa/hs. xsl/index. html * Small Business Development Corporation (WA): http://www. sbdc. com. u/index2. asp * The Queensland State Development: http://www. business. qld. gov. au/index. html * NSW State Development Department: http://www. smallbiz. nsw. gov. au/ * Australian Bureau of Statistics: http://www. abs. gov. au/ausstats/abs@. nsf/mf/1321. 0 * Cairns city council websitehttp://www. cityofcairns. qld. gov. au/ * Cairns Port Authority website – http://www. cairnsport. com. au/ * Tourism Tropical North Queensland – http://www. ttnq. org. au/ General information regarding the assignment The ability to adhere to deadlines is a key feature of any competent professional. Right from the beginning, new students should acquire the habit of meeting deadlines for their work, by organising their study time appropriately. The following points apply to the submission of this assessment: Students are required to submit a group report (groups of two). Students will be allocated into teams in the second lecture. You will submit one report per group of two. Assessment Criteria and Skills Development: Assessment will be based on the criteria provided above. This exercise will teach you the skills needed for formal written communication in a business setting, as well as organising information in a structured format. Team Conflict and Disbandment: The ability to â€Å"lead, manage and contribute effectively to teams† is a key JCU Generic skill and an important skill sought by employers. Working in teams, under proper conditions, encourages peer learning and peer support. Sometimes members of a team will not contribute equally to the task, resulting in some students carrying the full load or the team effort. On other occasions team members have left the subject. This subject uses a peer evaluation sheet to alleviate student concerns about the contribution of individual team members. This will be made available on LearnJCU. Should you have conflict in your team it is important to advise the lecturer as soon as possible. Submission and Return of Assessment: The ability to adhere to deadlines is a key feature of any competent professional. Right from the beginning, new students should acquire the habit of meeting deadlines for their work, by organising their study time appropriately. The following points apply to the submission of this assessment: * Hard copies of the assignment are to be submitted by the due date as per ‘Assessment Summary’ on page 2. The submission is via the School of Business assignment box. (Rooms A1. 09 for Cairns and DA027-317 for Townsville). * Please ensure that you have attached the School of Business Assignment Coversheet and stamped your assignment with the date stamp. All written assignments must use the standard School of Business coversheet and all authors must sign this coversheet. A copy of the cover sheet is available online at: www. jcu. edu. au/business/JC UDEV_011380. html * An electronic copy of your report and spreadsheet must also be emailed to your lecturer as part of the assessment process. The file should be named as follows: Subject, year, surnames, document For example: LB5212_2012_Smith and Jones_Report. ocx LB5212_2012_Smith and Jones_Spreadsheet. xlsx * No extensions will be granted due to the time frame and advance warning provided concerning the work to be undertaken. * The assessment will be returned with feedback. * The mark allocated to the group for the written component will also be the mark allocated to the individual members of the group adjusted as per the peer assessment documentation as provided to the lecturer. The lecturer’s decision on the allocation of marks is final. * See Annexure for peer assessment documentation. Student Assistance Studying at university typically involves many challenges. You may experience academic, professional or personal situations that are difficult to deal with. However, there are many options for you to pursue including academic advisers, counsellors or study skills advisers. The following table provides a summary of some of the services you may access at JCU. If you have any concerns please talk to someone! Support Needed| Who to Contact| Information for Current Students| www. jcu. edu. au/student/| Accommodation| www. jcu. edu. au/accommodation/| Childcare | www. jcu. edu. au/student/JCUPRD_017384. html| Computers, IT, Library and Email| http://www-public. jcu. edu. u/libcomp/assist/infohelp/JCUPRD_033554 | Equity and diversity| http://www. jcu. edu. au/studentequity/| Students with disabilities| http://www. jcu. edu. au/disability/| Indigenous students| http://www-public. jcu. edu. au/study/indigenous-students/index. html | Employment| www. jcu. edu. au/careers/| Enrolment| Faculty Student Office www. jcu. edu. au/newstudent/studyabroad/jcut st_057853. html | Exams| www. jcu. edu. au/student/assessment/| Financial| Student Loans www. jcu. edu. au/student/Loans/studentloans/| International Student| http://www. jcu. edu. au/international/| Personal / Emotional Support| Counselling Service www. cu. edu. au/student/counselling/| Library| http://www-public. jcu. edu. au/libcomp/index. htm Faculty Librarian [Insert here. ]| Spiritual Support| http://www. jcu. edu. au/chaplaincy/| Learning Skills / Language Help| Language ; Learning Services http://www. jcu. edu. au/learningskills/ | Equity Statement James Cook University is committed to encouraging equity and diversity. In particular, JCU aims to provide an optimal learning environment to students from a variety of backgrounds: * Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students * People from rural and isolated areas * People from low socio-economic backgrounds People with disabilities * People from non-English speaking backgrounds. Information relating to scholarships, bursarie s and services is available at www. jcu. edu. au/studentequity or by free call 1800 300 064. Important Policies ; Guidelines Role and Responsibilities – JCU Student Charter The Charter outlines the reasonable expectations that students can have of the University while studying and also what the University expects of its students. Refer to the JCU website. Assessment Policies There are a number of assessment policies that you should be aware of as a student of JCU. The most important policy is the university’s Assessment Practices Policy, which specifies the requirements of assessment practice for undergraduate and postgraduate coursework subjects. This policy can be accessed from: http://www. jcu. edu. au/policy/teaching/coursemanagement/JCUDEV_016741. html You should also be familiar with the policies and procedures that relate to your right of access to assessment marks and materials and the request for review of assessment. These rights are detailed in the Review of Assessment and Student Access to Scripts and Materials policy which can be viewed at: http://www. cu. edu. au/policy/teaching/coursemanagement/JCUDEV_005333. html Referencing and Plagiarism Plagiarism occurs when writers claim ownership of written words or ideas that are not their own. Plagiarism is a form of cheating and any instances of plagiarism will be dealt with promptly according to University procedures. Instances of student academic misconduct are handled using a four stage procedure: Stage 1: Referral of the allegation; Stage 2: Preliminary investigation; Stage 3: Hearing; Stage 4: Appeal. If plagiarism is detected, the lecturer will immediately notify the Head of School in writing. The Head of School is then responsible for further actions, and will notify you of their decisions about the penalties. Working together, discussing ideas, or helping one another with references is fine. However, the piece of work that you finally submit for assessment must be your own. It should contain your ideas and your assessment of other people’s ideas, and be written in your own words. Students who are found guilty of plagiarism will be subject to the provisions of the Student Academic Misconduct Requirements which can be accessed from: http://www. cu. edu. au/policy/teaching/coursemanagement/JCUDEV_005375. html It is important that you reference your work correctly. In the School of Business different disciplines may require different ways of referencing your sources, but in general most subjects within the school will use the APA (American Psychological Association) Style. Please confirm this with your lecturer. APA referencing guidelines are provided in the library l ibguide which can be accessed from: http://libguides. jcu. edu. au/referencing Submitting Written Assignments Unless advised otherwise by the subject coordinator, all written assignments must use the standard School of Business coversheet and all authors must sign this coversheet. A copy of the cover sheet is available online at: www. jcu. edu. au/business/JCUDEV_011380. html The assignment and coversheet must be stamped using the time/date stamp located adjacent to the assignment boxes in Townsville and Cairns. Different submission processes are in place for students in other locations. The assignment boxes will be cleared at 5. 00pm each day and the date/time stamp on each assignment will be checked. Any assignments received after the due date and time will be deemed to be â€Å"late† and will not be collected until 5. 00pm the following working day. Please note that some lecturers may have specific assignment requirements and it is your responsibility to check these with your lecturer. Penalties for late submission of assignments In the absence of any extension, late submission of work will result in a penalty of 5% of the possible mark for each day late. For example, If you are awarded a mark of 71% for a 30% essay that is handed in 4 days late, your final mark will be 51% of 30, which is 15. . Weekends are treated as a single full day because university buildings are not usually accessible of over the weekend to allow for submission. Assessment tasks will generally not be graded after 14 days past the due date. Supplementary and Deferred Exams If you are unable to sit your examination at the scheduled times due to extenuating circumstances (e. g. medical, trauma, death in the family etc) you may apply to sit a deferred examination. The Head of School has the right to decline an application if they consider the reasons are less than exceptional. Alternately, applying for special consideration is recommended in situations where you feel that your preparation has been/or is adversely affected by certain circumstances before and up to the day of the exam. In this situation you still need to sit the exam on the scheduled day. Special consideration (if approved) means that the lecturer will consider your circumstances when marking your examination. In some cases, you might be awarded the opportunity to complete a supplementary exam. This will be indicated by an ‘NS’ grade on semester results. A supplementary exam cannot be applied for, it is granted at the discretion of the examiner. A supplementary result is based exclusively on the result of the supplementary exam and previous assessment is not included in a recalculation of the student’s result. In accordance with University policy, a student who has completed a supplementary exam can only receive a grade of ‘SP’ (supplementary passed), ‘SN’ (supplementary failed) or an ‘SX’ (failed to sit supplementary). For more information please see: http://www. jcu. edu. au/policy/teaching/coursemanagement/JCUDEV_005344. html Subject and Teaching Feedback We welcome all forms of feedback from our students. If you have something to say about your experience you should visit JCU’s Student Feedback and Complaints web pages www. jcu. edu. au/student/complaints/index. htm JCU staff value and appreciate student feedback as a source of evidence about the quality of our teaching and courses so you are strongly encouraged to provide considered feedback for each of your subjects. Student feedback is one way of gaining recognition of subject and teaching strengths, and provides information on areas that may need further development or change. JCU provides two formal mechanisms for you to provide feedback about your subjects and teachers: Student Feedback about Teaching (SFT) and Student Feedback about Subjects (SFS). The SFT is paper-based, and is conducted at the request of your lecturer or tutor and usually occurs in the latter weeks of semester. The SFS is available to all students through StudentsOnline towards the end of each study period. You can view a sample of the SFS at http://www. jcu. edu. au/teaching/evaluation/JCUPRD_016952. html Other Policies and Guidelines Further information on important policy information is available for all JCU students at the JCU website http://www. jcu. edu. au/policy/student/ Postgraduate Skills Qualities Postgraduate attributes are the skills and qualities that every student should have when they leave the University – irrespective of the qualification they have attained. These skills are often the same competencies that employers expect from graduates. You will not attain all of the JCU postgraduate qualities in this subject because these skills will be developed over the full the length of your degree in various subjects. The table below indicates how the content and assessment in this subject fosters the development of JCU’s postgraduate attributes. Graduate Skills| Related Content / Assessment| Critical Thinking| | 1. 1 the ability to appraise information critically| Lectures, Test, Assignment and Exam | 1. 2 the ability to use independent judgement to synthesise information to make intellectual and/or creative advances| Lectures, Assignment and Exam | 1. 3 the ability to place their research in a broader (preferably international) theoretical, practical and policy context| | Problem Solving| | . 1 the ability to think laterally and be original| Lectures, Test, Assignment and Exam | 2. 2 the ability to conceptualise problems| Test, Assignment and Exam | 2. 3 the ability to conceptualise and evaluate a range of potential solutions to relevant problems| Test, Assignment and Exam | 2. 4 the ability to encompass and use methods and conceptual advances in areas of knowledge cognate to their centra l area(s) of expertise| | 2. 5 the ability to evaluate and extrapolate from the outcomes of their research| | Project Management| | . 1 the ability to plan, conduct and manage research in their discipline| | 3. 2 the ability to identify and take serendipitous advantage of research opportunities| | 3. 3 the potential to lead and contribute to projects effectively and efficiently| Assignment | 3. 4 the ability to conduct their research in an ethical manner| | Interpersonal Understanding and Communication| | 4. 1 the ability to communicate the methodology, results and implications of their research in a manner appropriate to different purposes and audiences| | 4. the ability to make constructive contributions to project teams or collegial activities| Assignment | 4. 3 the potential to resolve conflicts| Assignment | 4. 4 the ability to work individually and independently| Lectures, Test, Assignment and Exam| Lecture Tutorial Schedule Week/Session| Lectures/Session| Content a| Readings | Related Assessment| Tutorials b, c,| 1| Introductory concepts financial systems| Ch 1 Ch 2 self study| Test, Assignment and exam| Def exercise provided, Ch 1: DC – 1. 1; 1. 11; 1. 12; 1. 16; 1. 17; 1. 18; 1. 20; 1. 22; Ch 2: is self study 2. 16; 2. 17; 2. 24; 2. 5; 2. 26. | 2| Accounting equation and transaction analysis| Notes provided| Test, Assignment and exam| Three exercises provided| 3| Income statement and balance sheet| Ch 3 4| Test, Assignment and exam| Financing decisions questions provided and Ch 3: DC– 3. 7; 3. 10; 3. 18; 3. 20; App – 3. 15 Ch 4: DC – 4. 2; 4. 8; 4. 10; 4. 11; 4. 15; 4. 17; 4. 19 4. 28; App – 4. 14| 4| Statement of cash flows| Ch 5| Exam| Guess Who question provided; Ch 5: DC 5. 2; 5. 19; Case study 5. 1 (leave out Q3, 10, 11)| 5| Managing working capital| Ch 13| Assignment and exam| Ch 13: DC – 13. 1; 13. 7; 13. ; 13. 11; 13. 12; 13. 13; 13. 19; App – 13. 2; 13. 8; 13. 12; 13. 13; 13. 14| 6| Mid-Term TEST and Financial statement analysis| Ch 6| Assignment and exam| Ch 6: DC – 6. 4; 6. 5; 6. 6; 6. 27 App – 6. 16; 6. 17; 6. 18ab| 7| Financial statement analysis| Ch 6| Assignment and exam| Ch 6: DC – 6. 2; 6. 3; 6. 7; 6. 12; 6. 13; 6. 16; 6. 21; 6. 23 App – 6. 3; 6. 4; 6. 5; 6. 14; 6. 15; 6. 18c-e; Case study 6. 6| 8| Budgeting| Ch 9 10| Assignment and exam| Ch 9 DC – 9. 2; 9. 3; 9. 5; 9. 6; 9. 8; 9. 11; 9. 13; 9. 17; 9. 19; 9. 20; 9. 27; 9. 30; 9. 31 App – 9. 2; 9. 4; 9. 7;Ch 10 DC – 10. 1; App – 10. 6 Case Study 10. 1| | | Study break (Good time for the groups to get together to work on the assignments as well)| | | | 9| | Cost behaviour| Ch 7| Exam| Questions as provided| 10| | Application of cost structures| Ch 7| Exam| Ch 7: DC – 7. 8; 7. 9; 7. 10; 7. 12; 7. 13; 7. 14; 7. 15; App – 7. 6; 7. 10; 7. 12; 7. 13; 7. 15; 7. 17; | 11| | Capital budgeting methods| Ch 11| Exam| Ch 11: DC – 11. 7; 11. 8; 11. 9 ; 11. 10; 11. 11; 11. 12; 11. 14; 11. 17; 1 1. 18; 11. 21; App – 11. 2; 11. 3; 11. 4; 11. 5; 11. 7| 12| | Capital budgeting application| Ch 11| Exam| Ch 11: App – 11. 8; 11. ; 11. 10; 11. 11; 11. 12; 11. 13; 11. 14| Notes: a The sequence of some topics may change due to availability of staff, resources or due to unforeseen circumstances. b Whilst not all will be covered by the lecturer, students should attempt all. Do as many examples as you can until you personally feel you have a good grasp of the material. Publishers’ solutions are available from the lecturer. There will also be other problems for you to look at from time to time. Also do chapters from publishers Workbook. c Additional readings will be provided from time to time as the semester progresses and are examinable. Annexure PEER ASSESSMENT OF GROUP WORK CONTRIBUTION ————————————————- Employers have clearly indicated the need for their employees to have appropriate social skills including the ability to work in groups. Management (something I assume all of you aspire to) are required to undertake performance appraisal of their employees. For these two reasons alone, the ability to work in groups is a skill the University encourages students to develop. In working in groups there are a number of aspects that need to be managed including: * Identify members of the group. This should be done keeping in mind the skills required to do the assignment as well as your peers’ attitude towards their academic work and their grade expectations; * Elect a leader of the group; * Identify the topic or task to be undertaken; * Allocate the work to be undertaken e. g. topics to be covered, research to be done; * You must set time frames (deadlines) for when the work is to be done and diarise the dates of regular meetings e. g. after every lecture in that subject you should schedule a meeting; * Some people are free-riders – they want the benefit of the group mark but will only put in as little effort as possible. This can be managed by using the Appendices 1 and 2 that follow. Every time (weekly) a meeting is held you should complete Appendix 2 for each group member. This should be kept in a file and submitted weekly together with the minutes of the meeting and any other supporting documentation from that week. * Appendix 2 should also include any emails confirming allocation of work, requests for work to be done by individuals (and was expected of them), identification of any issues and how they were resolved or suggestion son how to resolve them. Essentially you are to document the process so that the full picture can be presented and the results you award can be justified. * Appendix 1 is only completed at the end when you submit your assignment; * Some students may regard this as onerous, but if you do this it allows you to develop workplace skills, leadership skills and also protects those ‘workers’ from the ‘free-riders’. Also include any emails confirming issues, allocating work and requesting people to do what was expected of them i. e. document the process so that the full picture can be presented and the result you come to can be justified. This would be what would occur in any business and the minutes of the meetings are regarded as legal documentation and accepted as such in court cases. The mark you will be allocated will be the proportion of the lecturer’s mark that your colleagues attribute to you based on your contribution. If there are any differences of opinion then the lecturer’s decision will be final, based on the documentation that is presented to him/her. The next two pages provide you with an example of how to use the Appendices; then two blank forms are provided for your use. EXAMPLE: Three members in the group David, John and Mary APPENDIX 1: (Submitted at the end of he process with the assignment) Surname| Initials| Percentage of lecturer allocated group mark you think you should get based on your contribution to the group project| % of allocated group mark you thinkJohnshould get based on their contribution to the group project| % of allocated group mark you thinkMaryshould get based on their contribution to the group project| % of allocated group mark you thinkXXXXshould get based on their contribution to the group project| Assessor’sSignature| | | | | | | | Insert the names of the various group members in here| | Insert the percentage of the mark you think you should be receiving. If you feel your contribution deserves the full mark then insert 100%| An average of the marks you have allocated over the weeks will assist you in allocating a mark here for John| An average of the marks you have allocated over the weeks will assist you in allocating a mark here for Mary| | | Smith | David| 100%| Average of weekly mark out of 50 x 2 | Average of weekly mark out of 50 x 2| | David’s signature here| Jones| John| 100%| Average of weekly mark out of 50 x 2 | Average of weekly mark out of 50 x 2| | John’s signature here| Ngcobo| Mary| 100%| Average of weekly mark out of 50 x 2 | Average of weekly mark out of 50 x 2| | Mary’s signature here| As a means of assisting you in completing the above table, the following table must be completed and where appropriate documentary evidence can be submitted including any written statements. David, John and Mary will all complete and sign this form so everything is transparent. EXAMPLE: APPENDIX 2: (Submitted weekly)NAME OF MEMBER BEING ASSESED JOHN| | GROUP CRITERIA REVIEWED| SCORING| | | (5)Always| (4)| (3)Freq1| (1)| (0)Hardly| Score| 1. | Communication:-| | | | | | 4| 2. | Participation:-(attendance and active: meetings, tasks, workloads, discussions †¦)| | | | | | 1| | | (10)High| (8)| (6)Adeq2| (3)| (0)Lack of| | 3. | Cooperation Shared Responsibilities:-(decisions, milestones, goals, tasks work processes – added to group cohesiveness †¦)| | | | | | 6| 4. Commitment:-(effort to: meet deadlines goals, be flexible, achieve standards of work agreed †¦ ) | | | | | | 6| 5. | Contributions:-(quantity of : work, discussion, dialogue, planning and organising â € ¦) | | | | | | 6| 6. | Performance:-(quality of: work submitted, reliability †¦)| | | | | | 4. 5| Total Score (Max 50):| 27. 5| 1. Frequently 2. Adequate ————————————————- Comments: ————————————————- John has †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ————————————————- ————————————————- If the person being assessed (John in this case) does not agree with this peer evaluation – that is fine – because this is his peers’ assessment of him. If this is the case, you must address this issue with the lecturer immediately. ————————————————- Please note: between scores can be awarded by marking two juxtapose circles and thus averaging their score: Becomes (10+8)/2 = 9 The score tally will be used to weight this members assignment grading and adjust accordingly. I attest, as being the member assessed here, that I have seen and read this assessment: Signature: John to sign here Dated: / /2011 oup Members: The following are the individual members who ‘group assessed this member’s performance. N David signs here________ Signature: Mary signs here APPENDIX 1: (Submitted at the end of the process with the assignment)SUBJECT: Surname| Initials| Percentage of lecturer allocated group mark you think you should get based on your contribution to the group project| % of allocated group mark you think_______________should get based on their contribution to the group project| % of allocated group mark you think________________should get based on their contribution to the group project| % of allocated group mark you think_______________should get based on their contribution to the group project| Assessor’sSignature| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | As a means of assisting you in completing the above table, the following table must be completed and where appropriate documentary evidence can be submitted including any written statements. APPENDIX 2: (Submitted weekly)SUBJECT: NAME OF MEMBER BEING ASSESED| | GROUP CRITERIA REVIEWED| SCORING| | | (5)Always| (4)| (3)Freq1| (1)| (0)Hardly| Score| 1. | Communication:-| | | | | | | 2. | Participation:-(attendance and active: meetings, tasks, workloads, discussions †¦)| | | | | | | | | (10)High| (8)| (6)Adeq2| (3)| (0)Lack of| | 3. | Cooperation Shared Responsibilities:-(decisions, milestones, goals, tasks work processes – added to group cohesiveness †¦)| | | | | | | 4. Commitment:-(effort to: meet deadlines goals, be flexible, achieve standards of work agreed,†¦. ) | | | | | | | 5. | Contributions:-(quantity of : work, discussion, dialogue, planning and organising †¦) | | | | | | | 6. | Performance:-(quality of: work submitted, reliability †¦)| | | | | | | Total Score (Max 50):| | 1. Frequently 2. Adequate ————————————————- Comments: ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- Please note: between scores can be awarded by marking two juxtapose circles and thus averaging their score: Becomes (10+8)/2 = 9 The score tally will be used to weight this members assignment grading and adjust accordingly. I attest, as being the member assessed here, that I have seen and read this assessment: Signature: ______________________________ Dated: / /2011 Group Members: The following are the individual members who ‘group assessed this member’s performance Name ____________________________ Signature _________________ ame ____________________________ Signature _________________ Signature ____________________________ Dated: / /2011 How to cite Finance Foundation, Essay examples